In this article, we will discuss about the basics of a Single Phase Full Bridge Voltage Source Inverter such as its working using diagram, waveforms for various loads (R, L, and RL) and in the last the mathematical analysis using the Fourier series.
Diode D1,D2,D3 and D4 are called feedback diodes and they functions only when the load is other then resistive load and it is used for feedback power to the DC source.
OPERATION
- Switch S1 and S2 is turned ON for the time duration of 0<t<T/2
- Switch S3 and S4 is turned ON for the time duration of T/2<t<T
- When Switch S1 and S2 is turned ON the pole voltage VAO = +Vdc/2 and VBO = -Vdc/2
- The load voltage VAB = VAO-VBO =Vdc
- Antiparallel diode does not change voltage polarity but it reverses the current direction.
(When S1 and S2 is turned ON)
- Switch S1 and S2 is turned ON for the time duration of 0<t<T/2
- Switch S3 and S4 is turned ON for the time duration of T/2<t<T
- When Switch S3 and S4 is turned ON the pole voltage VAO = -Vdc/2 and VBO = +Vdc/2
- The load voltage VAB = VAO-VBO = -Vdc
- Antiparallel diode does not change voltage polarity but it reverses the current direction.
(When S3 and S4 is turned ON)
Quadrant Operation of Switch and Diode of Single Phase Full Bridge VSI
- Switch (S1,S2 & S3,S4) Provides Operation in 1st and 3rd quad
- •Diode (D1,D2 & D3,D4) Provides Operation in 2nd and 4th quad
In case of purely resistive load
- Ig1 and Ig2 is called a gate pulse which is used for turned on the switch S1,S2 and S3,S4
- In case of Resistive load during the period of 0<t<T/2 the output voltage across the resistive load is Vo = Vdc and during the period of T/2<t<T the Vo = Vdc.
- In case of Resistive load during the period of 0<t<T/2 the current flowing through the resistive load is Io =Vdc/R and during the period of T/2<t<T the Io = -Vdc/R.
In case of R load, L load and R-L load.
- In case of purely (inductance load) L load current Io symmetric about t-axis so that dc component = 0 and current is linearly from minimum peak current (-Ip) to maximum peak current (+Ip).In this case diode D1 and D2 is conduct for 0<t<T/4, switch S1 and switch S2 is conduct for T/4<t<T/2, Diode D3 and Diode D4 is conduct for T/2<t<3T/4 and switch S3 and switch S4 is conduct for 3T/4<t<T.
L load (0<t<T/2)
V=Vdc=Ldi/dt
L[Ip-(-Ip)]/T/2=Vdc
Ip=Vdc/4fL
- In case of R-L load exponentially rise from (-Ip to +Ip). In this case diode D1 and Diode D2 is conduct for 0<t<T/4, switch S1and switch S2 is conduct for T/4<t<T/2, Diode D3 and diode D4 is conduct for T/2<t<3T/4 and switch S3 and switch S4 is conduct for 3T/4<t<T.
.
For any type of Load, Output Voltage waveform will remain same but Current waveform depends on the nature of the load.
Or
Output Voltage waveform is Half Wave Symmetric hence all even harmonics are absent.
Advantages of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
- Absence of voltage fluctuation in the circuit
- Suitable for high input voltage
- Energy efficient
- The current rating of the power devices is equal to the load current.
Disadvantages of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
- The efficiency of the full-bridge inverter ( 95% ) is less than half the bridge inverter (99%).
- Losses are high
- High noise.
Applications of Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter
- Applicable in applications like low and medium power example square wave / quasi square wave voltage
- A sinusoidal wave which is distorted is used as input in high power applications
- Using high-speed power semiconductor devices, the harmonic contents at the output can be reduced by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) techniques
- Other applications like AC variable motor, heating induction device, standby power supply.
- Solar Inverters
- Compressors, etc
What is drawback of full bridge inverter? Three major disadvantages: i Two electrolytic capacitors connected in series are needed at the dc input side.
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